780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab Youssef, Eliane UMR ISTerre - CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel - France eliane.youssef@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr https://www.georchestra.org/ URL Project Steering Committee 2024-01-18T09:12:42.405341Z ISO 19115/19139 1.0 EPSG:32636 Digital surface geology map of Beirut and suburbs (Lebanon) 2023-12-21 https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork?uuid=780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab 10.23708/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab The surface geology in the city of Beirut (Lebanon) is very complex and highly variable at small distances. The last attempt to identify geological soil units and plot a map of surface geology was proposed by Dubertret in 1945. A significant portion of the western side of the city is dominated by Quaternary red sandy soils and dune sandstone. The red sand likely originated from weathered and eroded sandstone, resulting in the well-known “Terre Rouge” red sands in Beirut (Dubertret, 1945; Bedran, 1997). Recent alluvial deposits can be found in various areas of the city, covering the sandy layer. These superficial alluvial soils are present in the Downtown district, along the Beirut River, and in the northern-eastern suburbs. On the eastern side of the city, alongside the recent alluvial deposits, occasional red sands containing pebbles and cobbles can be observed near the Beirut river banks and in a narrowing coastal plain towards the south. The eastern-southern parts of Greater Beirut are mainly dominated by Jurassic units consisting of cretaceous sandstone and clayey sandy limestone. Youssef, Eliane UMR ISTerre - CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel - France eliane.youssef@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr https://www.georchestra.org/ URL Project Steering Committee Cornou, Cécile UMR ISTerre - CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel - France Youssef Abdel Massih, Dalia Scientific Research Center in Engineering (CSRI), Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University - Lebanon Al-Bittar, Tamara Scientific Research Center in Engineering (CSRI), Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University - Lebanon Youssef, Eliane UMR ISTerre - CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel - France eliane.youssef@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork/umr_isterre/api/records/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab/attachments/GEOL_ORIGINAL_UTM_FIGURE1.png GEOL_ORIGINAL_UTM_FIGURE1.png Geology GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme Lebanon Continents, countries, sea regions of the world. 2015-07-17 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.place.regions Geotechnical Engineering Geology License: CC-BY geoscientificInformation location 35.46606083101134 35.57002336297934 33.861740342269094 33.91750256417838 The map of surface geology proposed in Dubertret (1945) was extensively used in recent years for research and engineering construction purposes, without any published attempt to digitize the map. For this reason and to acquire precise boundaries for the different geological soil units covering Greater Beirut, the Dubertret geology map was digitized in the context of Eliane Youssef PhD thesis. Note here that this exercise was limited to the area of interest encompassing Beirut city and some main suburbs (Bourj Hammoud, Jdeideh, Baouchrieh, Sin el Fil, Dekwaneh, Furn el Chebbak). UMR ISTerre Grant information: IRD - ARTS program Lebanese University University of Grenoble Alpes References: Bedran, M. (1997). A Geographically Referenced Model of the Beirut Metropolitan Region (BMR) Incorporating Pertinent Geotechnical Properties. Master’s Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, 1997. Dubertret, L. (1945). Géologie du site de Beyrouth avec carte géologique au 1/20.000 et 9 planches (56 pages). Délégation Générale de France au Levant, Section géologique, Beyrouth. SHP 1 DataSuds-geo https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wfs OGC:WFS isterre_ws:BEY_geology_original BEY_geology_original https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS BEY_geology_original BEY_geology_original https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS Geology_original_FIGURE3 Geology_original_FIGURE3 https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=Geology_original_FIGURE3 FILE:RASTER Beirut geology https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS Geology_simplified_FIGURE4 Geology_simplified_FIGURE4 https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=Geology_simplified_FIGURE4 FILE:RASTER Beirut geology (simplified) https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS Alluvium_original Alluvium_original https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=Alluvium_original FILE:RASTER Alluvium https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS Limestone_original Limestone_original https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=Limestone_original FILE:RASTER Limestone https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS Sand_original Sand_original https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=Sand_original FILE:RASTER Sand https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/isterre_ws/wms OGC:WMS IMPORTED_DATA_FIGURE2 IMPORTED_DATA_FIGURE2 https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geoserver/ows?service=WCS&version=2.0.1&request=GetCoverage&coverageId=IMPORTED_DATA_FIGURE2 FILE:RASTER Imported data https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork/umr_isterre/api/records/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab/attachments/GEOL_ORIGINAL_UTM_FIGURE1.pdf WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download GEOL_ORIGINAL_UTM_FIGURE1.pdf Original geology figure https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork/umr_isterre/api/records/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab/attachments/README_Digitalization_Beirut_geology_map.pdf WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download README_Digitalization_Beirut_geology_map.pdf Readme file https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork/umr_isterre/api/records/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab/attachments/BEY_geology_original.csv WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download BEY_geology_original.csv Beirut geology data files structure https://datasuds-geo.ird.fr/geonetwork/umr_isterre/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Related publication Surface ground motion characteristics in Beirut (Lebanon) inferred from 3D seismic wave simulation (in preparation). https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu294 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Reference publication Nancy Salloum, Denis Jongmans, Cécile Cornou, Dalia Youssef Abdel Massih, Fadi Hage Chehade, Christophe Voisin, Armand Mariscal, The shear wave velocity structure of the heterogeneous alluvial plain of Beirut (Lebanon): combined analysis of geophysical and geotechnical data, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 199, Issue 2, November 2014, Pages 894–913. https://doi.org/10.23708/780ce2dc-9762-4b53-8048-fb144384dbab DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI) COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification To perform this task, first, the map of Dubertret (1945) was imported as an image file format to a plot digitizer software (WebPlotDigitizer) allowing to extract the lateral extents of the different soil units covering the area between [Xmin = 727000; Ymin = 3747000] to [Xmax = 738000; Ymax = 3756000] in WGS84 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates (zone 36N). This work resulted in sets of surface data points sampling the different geological units in the area through different colors to delimit the boundaries between the soil units. The data points were then imported to the QGIS software in order to map the interfaces and retrieve the corresponding shapefiles. Mapping the lateral interfaces between the soil units required a great manual effort to build an accurate map while applying some modifications from updated satellite images Google Earth and USGS topographic data. Note here that the sandy cover in the western and southern sides of the city was extended throughout the whole area following the simplified surface geology proposed in Salloum et al. (2014). After this task, the map was again simplified in order to avoid any complex geometries and highly heterogeneous geologic features. The resulting shapefiles for the original and simplified geology maps of Beirut are transferred to an electronic material.